Which fallacy is described by the Latin phrase "after this, therefore because of this"?

The fallacy referred to by the Latin phrase "after this, therefore because of this" is known as post hoc ergo propter hoc. This logical fallacy occurs when one assumes that just because one event follows another, the first event must be the cause of the second. In essence, it implies a causal relationship based purely on sequence rather than any actual evidence of a causal link.

This fallacy often arises in arguments where a correlation is mistaken for causation. For example, if someone argues that since a rooster crows before sunrise, the crowing causes the sun to rise, they are committing the post hoc fallacy. It underscores the importance of critically evaluating the relationship between events rather than jumping to conclusions based on their order.

While concepts like begging the question, false cause, and slippery slope are distinct logical fallacies, this specific phrase directly refers to the idea of confusion between chronological order and causation, making post hoc ergo propter hoc the correct identification.